Understanding Autism
Autism or, more commonly
today, autism spectrum disorder is a developmental disability characterized
by deficits in: 1) verbal and nonverbal communication, 2) social interaction,
and 3) the presence of repetitive behaviors or interests. Generally
diagnosed before the age of 3 the severity of the impairment can range
from relatively mild resulting in a diagnosis within the spectrum of Asperger
Syndrome to more severe leading to a diagnosis of more classic autism. If
a child has symptoms of either of these disorders, but does not meet the
specific criteria of either, the diagnosis is called Pervasive Developmental
Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS).
Autism spectrum disorders are found in all cultures and across
all socio-economic groups with the ratio boys to girls with ASD
being 4 to 1. In the past 30 years the prevalence rate of
ASD has skyrocketed. Recent prevalence estimates indicate
that autism spectrum disorders occur in 1 out of every 150 children
born (CDC 2007) highlighting the facts that autism spectrum disorders
are not rare and the importance of effective intervention is critical
on a personal, familial and societal level. Why the increase? No
one knows for sure. Some epidemiologists point to a broader
definition of autism and an increasing awareness among medical
professionals as key contributing factors. Others consider
the potential impact of environmental factors (e.g., toxins) as
a contributing cause. As more and more research is funded
and completed this question may soon be answered. |
